Proof of Authority & Stake
Traditional rollup-based designs rely on commodity validators to verify transactions, but high-throughput verification (1Gb/s) exceeds the capabilities of most nodes. Posting such data on Layer 1 (L1) is bandwidth-intensive and costly. InfiniSVM addresses these challenges with a Proof-of-Authority-and-Stake (PoAS) model that combines sequencer-led verification, distributed proof generation, and fallback security on Solana.
PoA&S Consensus Model
InfiniSVM introduces a sequencer-driven model where transactions are batched into shreds, each containing:
- Slot number & transaction vector
- Version metadata for accessed accounts
- Linkage hashes for state continuity
Only a minimal (Effect Hash, Shred Hash) pair is posted on Solana, ensuring data availability while avoiding L1 congestion.
Transaction Verification & Voting Mechanism
Upon receiving a shred, a prover follows a two-step validation process:
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State Reconstruction & Effect Hash Verification
- The prover checks account versions.
- If missing state, the prover requests shreds from the sequencer.
- The prover re-executes transactions to derive an effect hash.
- If the computed hash matches the shred’s embedded effect hash, the prover votes for acceptance.
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Majority Vote Finalization
- A 51% vote is required to mark a shred as finalized.
- If all previous shreds are finalized, the sequencer assembles proof for the block.
Handling Malicious Sequencers & Fault Tolerance
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Malicious Proposer Detection
- Honest provers detect invalid transactions via effect hash mismatches and vote against them.
- If the sequencer repeatedly submits invalid shreds, it is marked as offline.
- Failover to a backup sequencer occurs via PoA voting on Solana.
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Censorship Resistance
- If the sequencer ignores transactions, users can force inclusion by submitting transactions directly to Solana.
Efficient Prover Selection & Incentives
To prevent hardware-intensive requirements for provers:
- The sequencer uses a round-robin method to select 2/3 of online provers.
- Subdivided verification tasks allow provers to distribute workload across multiple nodes.
- Elastic cloud scaling allows provers to handle surges in verification demand.
Prover reward structure:
- Earn fees from processed shreds and inflationary $LAYER rewards.
- Malicious or inactive provers face slashing:
- 1st violation: Loss of epoch fees.
- 2nd violation: 1% slash on staked tokens.
- Subsequent violations: 5% stake slash per offense.
The PoAS model in InfiniSVM achieves:
- Scalable, high-throughput consensus without overloading L1.
- Efficient, decentralized validation via sequencer-led voting.
- Robust security with fallback mechanisms on Solana.
By optimizing prover participation, reducing L1 bandwidth costs, and ensuring censorship resistance, InfiniSVM scales consensus while maintaining decentralization and integrity.
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