The InfiniSVM transaction processing pipeline adopts a microservices architecture, decoupling signature verification, deduplication, scheduling, banking, and storage into independent services. This design enables dynamic scaling, speculative execution, and reduced processing overhead, ensuring high throughput and consistency.

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Decoupling Transaction Processing with Microservices

Unlike traditional monolithic blockchain architectures, InfiniSVM decomposes key stages into independent microservices running across an elastic compute fabric:
  1. Signature Verification & Deduplication
    • Offloaded to distributed microservices, reducing bottlenecks at the execution layer.
    • Parallelized verification ensures low-latency transaction ingestion.
  2. Dynamic Resource Provisioning
    • A feedback-driven control plane monitors transaction rates and automatically scales processing capacity.
    • Enables adaptive load balancing based on network congestion and transaction spikes.
  3. Speculative Execution & Simulation
    • Transactions pre-execute against the latest committed state, reducing contention in the banking stage.
    • Non-conflicting transactions execute in parallel, bypassing unnecessary dependencies.

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Speculative Execution & Conflict Resolution

A key insight in InfiniSVM is that most transactions do not require full re-execution if they do not introduce read-write conflicts.
  1. Pre-Execution & Snapshotting
    • Transactions are speculatively executed, capturing intermediate execution snapshots at account access boundaries.
    • Only 2% of transactions require full re-execution, as most do not conflict.
  2. Read-Only Transactions at the Edge
    • Transactions performing only read operations are validated and finalized at the edge, bypassing the central banking stage.
  3. Handling Hot Accounts with Predictive Modeling
    • Accounts with high access frequency use a Winter-Holt Double Exponential Smoothing (DESP) model for predictive execution.
    • Pre-executed transactions account for all possible future values of hot accounts, reducing conflicts.
  4. Rapid Conflict Resolution
    • For remaining conflicts, execution state is reconstructed from the nearest valid snapshot, eliminating full re-execution overhead.

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Impact on Performance & Scalability

This pipeline architecture and microservices approach significantly enhance scalability and efficiency:
  • Lower computational overhead by shifting execution bottlenecks away from centralized banking.
  • Higher transaction throughput through parallel speculative execution and adaptive scaling.
  • Reduced latency for read-only transactions, finalized at the network edge.
By decoupling execution into microservices, leveraging speculative pre-execution, and intelligently resolving conflicts, InfiniSVM achieves high-performance transaction processing with minimal contention and maximal efficiency.